It operates many big-box format stores across the United States (including the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands); all 10 provinces of Canada; and all 32 Mexican states and Mexico City. MRO company Interline Brands (now The Home Depot Pro) is also owned by The Home Depot, with 70 distribution centers across the United States.

History

1978–1999

The Home Depot was co-founded by Bernard Marcus, Arthur Blank, Ron Brill, Pat Farrah, and Ken Langone in 1978.^[6][7][8] The Home Depot’s proposition was to build home-improvement superstores, larger than any of their competitors’ facilities. Investment banker Ken Langone helped Marcus and Blank to secure the necessary capital.

Bernie and I founded The Home Depot with a special vision – to create a company that would keep alive the values that were important to us. Values like respect among all people, excellent customer service and giving back to communities and society^[9]

— Arthur Blank

The Home Depot Atlanta Store Support Center, 2018.

In 1979, the first two stores, built in spaces leased from J. C. Penney that were originally Treasure Island “hypermarket” (discount department and grocery) stores, opened in metro Atlanta (in Doraville and on Memorial Drive in Decatur, both near I-285)^[10] on June 22, 1979.^[11][12] On September 22, 1981, The Home Depot went public on the NASDAQ and raised $4.093 million. The Home Depot joined the New York Stock Exchange on April 19, 1984.

The Home Depot began to branch out of Georgia to Florida in 1981 with stores opening in Hollywood and Fort Lauderdale. By 1984, The Home Depot was operating 19 stores with sales of over $256 million. To enter the Dallas market The Home Depot acquired Bowater Home Center from Bowater Inc. on October 31, 1984, for $40 million. The increased expansion of The Home Depot in the mid-1980s created financial difficulties with earnings falling by 42% and debt rising to $200 million. The financial difficulties of The Home Depot also caused the stock price to fall. To curb The Home Depot difficulties it opened only 10 stores in 1986 with a stock offering 2.99 million shares at $17 per share which helped The Home Depot to restructure its debts.

The Home Depot in Markham, Ontario, Canada

In 1989, The Home Depot became the largest home improvement store in the United States, surpassing Lowe’s. In the 1990s The Home Depot searched for ways to redefine its marketplace. An installation program for quality home improvement items, such as windows or carpets, was launched in 1991 called the EXPO with success. A 480-page book Home Improvement 1-2-3 was published in 1995. The Canadian hardware chain Aikenhead’s Hardware was acquired by The Home Depot in 1994 for $150 million with a 75% share. All of the Aikenhead’s Hardware stores were later converted to The Home Depot stores. By 1995, sales reached $10 billion while operating 350 stores.

Former General Electric executive Robert Nardelli became CEO and president of The Home Depot in 2000.

2000–2007

San Diego maintenance and repair supplies company Maintenance Warehouse was purchased by The Home Depot in 1997 for $245 million. Maintenance Warehouse was purchased because it was a leading direct-mail marketer of maintenance, repair and operations supplies that could reach customers out of reach by The Home Depot. Atlanta-based company Apex Supply was acquired by The Home Depot in 1999. Apex Supply is a wholesale distributor of plumbing, HVAC, industrial pipe and fittings. Apex Supply and Maintenance Warehouse were rebranded in 2004 as “The Home Depot Supply.”

In 2004, Home Depot employees at a suburban Detroit store in Harper Woods, Michigan, rejected a bid to be represented by a labor union, voting 115 to 42 against joining the United Food and Commercial Workers. If the union had won, the Michigan store would have been the first Home Depot to have union representation.

Your Other Warehouse, a large plumbing distributor with a focus on special order fulfillment, was acquired by The Home Depot in 2001. Your Other Warehouse also supplied two divisions of The Home Depot and the EXPO Design Centers. The “EXPO Design Center” division was reorganized in 2001 with three divisions based in the Northeast at South Plainfield, New Jersey, the West at Orange, California, and the Southeast at Atlanta, Georgia.

The Home Depot entered the Mexican market in 2002 with the acquisition of the home improvement chain Del Norte. In addition, The Home Depot had begun construction of stores in Mexicali and Tijuana. In the same year the Home Depot Landscape Supply was launched to integrate professional landscapers and upscale plants into a plant nursery retail chain. Home Depot Landscape Supply lasted only five years with only a few stores each in metro Atlanta and Dallas/Fort Worth. The Home Depot decided to close all Home Depot Landscape Supply stores in late 2007.

In September 2005, Home Depot Direct launched its online home-furnishings store, 10 Crescent Lane, shortly followed by the launch of “Paces Trading Company,” its online lighting store. In mid-2006, the Home Depot acquired Home Decorators Collection, which was placed as an additional brand under its Home Depot Direct division.

In 2006, the Home Depot acquired Hughes Supply the largest home retailer in the United States for $3.2 billion. Hughes Supply was integrated into The Home Depot Supply to better serve business-to-business customers. The Home Depot Supply rebranded under the new name HD Supply in January 2007.Five months later The Home Depot sold HD Supply to a consortium of three private equity firms, The Carlyle Group, Bain Capital and Clayton, Dubilier and Rice (with each agreeing to buy a one-third stake in the division).

2007–present

On January 2, 2007, the Home Depot and Robert Nardelli mutually agreed on Nardelli’s resignation as CEO after a six-year tenure. Nardelli resigned amid complaints about his heavy-handed management and whether his pay package of $123.7 million (excluding stock option grants) over the previous five years was excessive, considering the stock’s poor performance versus its competitor Lowe’s. His severance package of $210 million was criticized because when the stock went down, his pay went up.

Center aisle of a Home Depot store in 2014

His successor, Frank Blake, previously served as the company’s vice chairman of the board and executive vice president. Blake agreed to a much more conservative compensation package than Nardelli, which is very heavily dependent upon the success of the company. Although a longtime deputy to Nardelli at GE and Home Depot, Blake was said to lack Nardelli’s hard edge and instead preferred to make decisions by consensus. Indeed, Blake repudiated many of his predecessor’s strategies, and it has been reported that the two men have not spoken since Nardelli departed Home Depot.

In 2008 and 2009, with the downturn in the housing market, The Home Depot announced the layoff of several thousand associates, as well as the closing of 54 stores nationwide, including the entire EXPO Design Center chain. Associates at EXPO were allowed to re-apply for Home Depot jobs after the layoffs, and did not lose any tenure if hired back. In the year of February 2009, sales totaled $71.288 billion, more than $20 billion down from the peak of two years earlier due to the sale of HD Supply and falling revenue at the retained business. In 2012, they proceeded to close the big-box style stores that they had in China, however smaller stores that specialized in custom products and focused on more intimate interactions between customers and associates remain open there.

In 2013, The Home Depot established two large distribution centers in Atlanta and Los Angeles.

Interline Brands headquarters in Jacksonville, Florida

In August 2014, it was announced that Frank Blake would step down as CEO and would be replaced by 57-year-old Craig Menear. The change occurred on November 1, 2014. Blake would continue with the company as chairman. Menear joined The Home Depot in 1997, and served in various management and vice-presidential positions, until 2003, including merchandising vice president of hardware, merchandising vice president of the Southwest Division, and divisional merchandise manager of the Southwest Division. He subsequently served as senior vice president of merchandising from August 2003 to April 2007. He then served as an executive vice president of merchandising from April 2007 to February 2014. Until becoming CEO, Menear served as president of U.S. Retail from February 2014 to November 1, 2014.

The company had a data breach in September 2014.One major reason for the data breach was the practice of entering credit card numbers directly into computers at the service-desk and pro-desk, and in specialty departments including flooring, kitchen cabinets, appliances, and millwork, rather than using POS credit card terminals directly. The practice was stopped, and Home Depot offered a year of free credit monitoring through AllClearID for any customers who requested it. There were also reports of credit card numbers being stolen when used to make purchases on Homedepot.com.

On July 22, 2015, Home Depot acquired Interline Brands from P2 Capital Partners, Goldman Sachs’ private equity arm, and the management of Interline Brands for $1.6 billion. Interline Brands became fully integrated with The Home Depot in August 2016 with the Interline Brands website merging with The Home Depot website. The subsidiaries of Interline Brands are now companies of The Home Depot.

In 2017, Home Depot acquired the online presence of The Company Store from Hanover Direct. The Company Store was founded in 1911, operating primarily as catalog and online sales, but with five physical locations. The five physical locations were not included in the deal.

In January 2022, The Home Depot announced Craig Menear would be stepping down as the CEO and president effective March 1, 2022 while continuing to serve as the chairman of the board. He was replaced by former executive vice president Ted Decker.

Finances

As of 2020, Home Depot is ranked #26 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

For the Q2 of 2020, the company reported sales of $38.1 billion, which represented a growth of 23.4% from the same period, the previous year. The net earnings for the period of three months (ending August 2) rose 27% up to $4.3 billion. The growth in the sales was a result of Americans staying at home as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Q3 for 2020, ending November 1, Home Depot reported a revenue of $33.5 billion; it represents a year-on-year increase of 24 per cent.

Carbon footprint

The Home Depot reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 1,821 Kt (-127 /-6.5% y-o-y).^[48] Reported emissions have been on a declining trend since 2016.

Lidl is the chief competitor of the similar German discount chain Aldi in several markets. There are Lidl stores in every member state of the European Union as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Lidl also announced that it will open its first store in Ukraine in the future in October 2021, but due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine there was no progress.\

History

In 1932, Josef Schwarz became a partner in Südfrüchte Großhandlung Lidl & Co., a fruit wholesaler, and he developed the company into a general food wholesaler.

In 1977, under his son Dieter Schwarz, the Schwarz-Gruppe began to focus on discount markets, larger supermarkets, and cash and carry wholesale markets. He did not want to use the name Schwarz-Markt (Schwarzmarkt means “black market”) and wanted to use the name of his father’s former business partner, A. Lidl, but legal reasons prevented him from using that name for his discount stores. When he discovered a newspaper article about a painter and retired schoolteacher Ludwig Lidl, he bought the rights to the name from him for 1,000 German marks.

Lidl is part of the Schwarz Group, the fifth-largest retailer in the world with sales of €104.3 billion (2018).

The first Lidl discount store was opened in 1973, copying the Aldi concept. Schwarz rigorously removed merchandise that did not sell from the shelves, and cut costs by keeping the size of the retail outlets as small as possible. By 1977, the Lidl chain comprised 33 discount stores.

Lidl opened its first UK store in 1994. Its grocery market share in the UK was 5.9% in 2019.

Sven Seidel was appointed CEO of the company in March 2014, after the previous CEO Karl-Heinz Holland stepped down.^[10] Holland had served as chief executive since 2008 but left due to undisclosed “unbridgeable” differences over future strategy. Seidel stepped down from his position in February 2017 after Manager Magazin reported he had fallen out of favour with Klaus Gehrig, who has headed the Schwarz Group since 2004. Seidel was succeeded as CEO by Dane Jesper Højer, previously head of Lidl’s international buying operation.^[11]

In June 2015, the company announced it would establish a United States headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.^[12] Lidl has major distribution centers in Mebane, North Carolina, and Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The company initially focused on opening locations in East Coast states, between Pennsylvania and Georgia, and as far west as Ohio. In June 2017, Lidl opened its first stores in the United States in Virginia Beach, Virginia and other mid-Atlantic cities. The company planned to open a total of one hundred U.S. stores by the summer of 2018. In November 2018, Lidl announced plans to acquire 27 Best Market stores in New York and New Jersey. In December 2018, Lidl opened its first location in New York City, in the Staten Island Mall. The company has continued to expand throughout the eastern U.S., with over 100 stores by the end of 2020. In August 2020, Lidl announced that it planned to open up another 50 stores in the U.S. by the end of 2021.

Business model

Like fellow German supermarket Aldi, Lidl has a zero waste,no-frills, “pass-the-savings-to-the-consumer” approach of displaying most products in their original delivery cartons, allowing the customers to take the product directly from the carton. When the carton is empty, it is simply replaced with a full one. Staffing is minimal

In contrast to Aldi, there are generally more branded products offered. Lidl distributes many low-priced gourmet foods by producing each of them in a single European Union country for its whole worldwide chain, but it also sources many local products from the country where the store is located. Like Aldi, Lidl has special weekly offers, and its stock of non-food items often changes with time. In contrast to Aldi, Lidl advertises extensively in its homeland of Germany.

Just as Aldi, Lidl does not play mood music in most countries, including Germany. Exceptions include stores in the United States, Croatia, Spain (not all), Poland and Lithuania. Additionally, in two stores in Denmark music is played as a test. Lidl stores have PA systems for important announcements but do not broadcast commercials.

The Lidl operation in the United Kingdom took a different approach than in Germany, with a focus on marketing and public relations, and providing employee benefits not required by law, including paying the independently verified living wage and offering a staff discount.^[21] Upmarket products were introduced, especially in the lead-up to Christmas. This required significant investment in marketing to produce sales growth but had an effect on Lidl’s logistical operation and pressure on profits. Ronny Gottschlich, who had run Lidl GB for the six years to 2016, was responsible for this approach, which led to friction with head office, due to the cost involved. In September 2016, Gottschlich unexpectedly left and was replaced by the Austrian sales and operations director, German-national Christian Härtnagel.^[22] Lidl continued to have ambitious investment plans in the United Kingdom, ultimately doubling the number of stores to 1,500. In the financial year of 2015, Lidl Great Britain’s revenue from its over 630 stores throughout Britain was £4.7 billion.

Criticism

In 2008, Lidl was accused by journalists of spying on their workers, listening to private phone calls, and sometimes even following them home or to doctor’s appointments.In one instance, an employee’s file was supposedly annotated to note that most of her friends were “drug users”. In another instance, a female worker at a Lidl store in the Czech Republic was allegedly forbidden from using the toilet during working hours. An internal company memo from the incident was made public as part of a court case, in which the company is alleged to have advised management “Female workers who have their periods may go to the toilet now and again, but to enjoy this privilege they should wear a visible headband”. Some trade union activists have compared this behavior to that of American companies which engage in union busting, drawing the comparison to surveillance techniques used to proactively detect and stop union organizing activity within a place of business. Lidl responded to these claims, stating that the surveillance was intended to prevent shoplifting, and to detect “abnormal behavior”.

Other services

In October 2009, Lidl Movies was launched in the United Kingdom, undercutting Tesco DVD Rental, which had previously been the United Kingdom’s cheapest online rental service for DVDs. The service was powered by OutNow DVD Rental. OutNow went into liquidation in October 2011, taking Lidl Movies with it.

In January 2012, Lidl launched bakeries in their stores across Europe. They consist of a small baking area with a number of ovens, together with an area where bread and pastries, such as croissants, are displayed for sale. The bakeries were initially trialed in a limited number of stores, to determine whether there was a demand for freshly baked products in-store.

Childhood

Gabrielle Bonneur Chanel was born on August 19, 1883. in Saumur, a town in the Loire Valley. Her parents, Albert Chanel and Jean Devol, were not married at the time, which is against the norm.

Her father is a merchant. She, her sisters and brothers spend a lot of time in the flea markets in western France, where he works and barely earns enough to support his family.

This is a difficult time for lower class women. They are treated as second-hand citizens and are not allowed to vote. Most often they become servants or laborers. Everyone would expect that such a fate awaits Gabriel. Everything changes when her mother dies of tuberculosis. Then her father decided to separate the family and sent her brothers to a farm and her and her sisters to a convent .

She spent her youth there, seeing only her aunts. She learns to sew in the shelter, and her aunt Louise inspires her to be creative in the craft. They add frills and ribbons to simple hats.

When she turned 18, she left the monastery and studied for two more years.

Beginning of the career

In 1903 Gabriel started working in a sewing studio in the small town of Moulin. The owner likes it because it handles the needle and thread well. However, this does not correspond to her dreams and ambitions, which are great despite her modest background. She was attracted by the glamor of the cabaret and she began to appear as a singer. She performs only two songs, “Ko Ko Ri Ko” and “Qui qu’a vu Coco”, which is why people in the audience started calling her Coco .

Her charisma attracts the attention of millionaire and amateur athlete Etienne Balsan . Their relationship is doomed not to end in marriage, but that doesn’t stop Gabriel. She took the opportunity to rise in society and became part of France’s elite.

He quickly learns to ride well and this is one of the reasons he started fighting for women to wear more comfortable clothes. She hates corsets that are so tight that they stop breathing, and the plumes do any practical activity torture. Coco says that the designers, who were only men at the time, “forgot that there were women in these clothes.” In it arises the desire to rebel against the orders of the age in which he lives.

That’s when he met Arthur “Boy” Capel . With him she left for Paris – the home of the beautiful, famous and rich. There she opened a hat shop, which was like no other at the time and was a great success.

This was followed by the opening of a boutique in Deauville , a popular resort in France. He is also successful.

Being a woman who finds it difficult to despair, Gabrielle Chanel used the First World War as an opportunity to impose her practical style in clothing design. She makes a collection of jersey clothes, a material previously used exclusively for men’s clothing.

Difficult times follow. Her patron Boy Capel first married and then died in a car accident. He remains her great love.

Collaboration with the Nazis

During World War II, the Nazis occupied Paris. At first, Coco Chanel closed most of her stores because she thought the time was not right for pampering like hats. Eventually, however, she opened them and found herself on very good terms with the Germans. The wives of Nazi officers buy from her perfumes. It gets to the point that she begins a love affair with a German spy who is 13 years younger than her.

All this damaged her reputation and after the war she left her beloved France, as she expected revenge, and lived in Switzerland with her lover.

Chanel’s jacket

In 1954 ribbons are fashionable, corsets are still worn and this infuriates Coco.

Gabrielle Chanel was 71 years old when she returned to Paris, where she opened her own boutique. The clothes she creates are comfortable, minimalist and with clean lines.

From Scotland, with which the Duke of Westminster introduced her, she brought tweed. He used it to sew the iconic Chanel jacket.

Here are some of its features:

• Four real pockets embroidered with thread in a contrasting or complementary color.
• Buttons with the Chanel symbol.
• A chain is sewn into the silk lining, which ensures that the jacket will retain its shape.
• No collar.

This original approach caused a revolution and was a huge success around the world.

Some of the greatest beauties of the era are his admirers. Among them are Bridget Bardot, Romy Schneider and Grace Kelly.

Gabriel’s successor Karl Lagerfeld combines it with everything – pants, jeans, even a swimsuit. The variety of colors is also huge – pastel, neon or in the classic black and white.

Chanel’s jacket lends itself to all kinds of metamorphoses.

The little black dress

The little black dress appeared in Coco’s collection in 1926. According to the author, this is a garment that is suitable for all occasions.

Until then, black was associated with mourning or religious figures. Gabrielle’s design is believed to have been inspired by the clothes of the nuns among whom she lived.

Her version of the dress frees the female body from the corsets and creates a completely different, clean silhouette. It is most often sewn from jersey or silk. With it, the Parisian chic is born.

The bags

The idea for the bags to have straps and to be worn over the shoulder came from the military. Until then, useful accessories are large, difficult to wear and easy to lose.

The classic Chanel bag has a chain strap, sometimes a leather rope is woven into it.

Shoes

They are usually beige in color and have a pointed black nose. Beige optically lengthens the legs, and the nose gives grace and elegance.

Jewelry

Gabrielle herself prefers pearls and wears them very often. There is only one collection of high fashion jewelry, which focuses on the most precious stones, namely diamonds. This is a reserved area for men and they do not allow it in it.

She disassembles the jewelry given to her by the Duke of Westminster and simplifies their design.

Chanel makes fluidity a principle and freedom a virtue.

With his usual audacity he presents the collection in his own home, on wax mannequins.

Jewelry becomes a symbol of freedom, not just a gift from a fan. Creativity overcomes ostentation, and lightness overcomes excess. Beauty is not an obligation, but a manifestation of the essence.

Perfumes

In 1923, Chanel launched the Chanel perfume №5. The number comes from her lucky number. The perfume is the most expensive for its time and is a mixture of several fragrances, which is a revolution.

When asked what she goes to bed with, Marilyn Monroe answers “just a few drops of Chanel №5”.

Patron

During his long, eventful life, Chanel has financially supported many artists, including Picasso, Debussy, Marriage and Cocteau.

She became a friend and patron of Serge Diaghilev’s ballet troupe. She even wrote the costumes for one of his productions, Le Train Bleu. In it, the dancers wear swimsuits, which is very avant-garde for their time.

Recent years

Gabriel died on January 10, 1971 in his apartment at the Ritz Hotel, where he lived for most of his life. In the end, he has to use morphine to fall asleep.

Her fashion empire was inherited by Karl Lagerfeld, who successfully maintained her reputation. It was his idea that the company logo, without which we could not imagine her bags or shoes. It appeared only in the 80’s.

Pourquoi choisir des cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France ?

Les produits bio made in France sont élaborés à partir d’ingrédients d’origine naturelle et sont exempts de substances controversées pour la santé et l’environnement. Pour être certifiés bio, ils répondent à des cahiers des charges stricts, comme celui de Cosmos Organic, qui garantit la traçabilité, la qualité et la durabilité des ingrédients et des processus de fabrication. Gage de sécurité, les français sont de plus en plus friands de cette cosmétique qui ne cesse de gagner des parts de marché.

Prendre soin de soi en préservant Dame Nature

En utilisant des produits beauté et hygiène bio, vous faites le choix des actifs sûrs sélectionnés avec précaution dans le cadre du respect de l’environnement. Comme l’entreprise Minima[liste], elle partage clairement ses engagements, ses compositions, ses ingrédients et la charte formulation : « Nos cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France sont formulés avec des actifs bio, simples et 100% d’origine naturelle. Changer votre routine moins pour mieux. »

Une démarche éthique et pourquoi pas zéro déchet

Les marques de cosmétiques bio s’inscrivent souvent dans une démarche zéro déchet. Elles proposent des emballages réutilisables, recyclables ou compostables, et favorisent les circuits courts. De plus, elles s’engagent généralement à respecter des valeurs éthiques en termes de travail et de rémunération des producteurs.

Adopter une routine beauté bio et française

Changer ses habitudes en vue d’adopter des produits cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France est à la portée de tous même si cela demande quelques habitudes.

Dire oui aux marques engagées

Lors de vos achats de cosmétiques, privilégiez les marques qui affichent clairement leurs engagements en termes d’écologie, de qualité des ingrédients et d’éthique. A cet égard, consultez les avis sur le web : rien de mieux que les retours clients.

Regarder de plus près les actifs

Prenez le temps de décrypter les étiquettes ou les formules des produits que vous achetez. Les ingrédients naturels et bio sont généralement mis en avant, mais il est important de vérifier la composition afin d’éviter les mauvaises surprises.

Tester et faites en fonction de vos besoins

Chaque peau est différente, et il est donc essentiel de tester les produits pour trouver ceux qui vous conviennent le mieux. Soyez à l’écoute de votre peau et ajustez votre routine en fonction de ses besoins. Je ne cesse de le répéter : personnalisez votre rituel beauté. Pourquoi ne pas tester le skin cycling par exemple?

Meilleurs cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France, trois questions récurrentes

Quelle est la meilleure marque de cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France ?

Les cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France sont de plus en plus populaires auprès femmes et des hommes. Plusieurs marques se distinguent par leur qualité et leur engagement à se conformer aux normes de fabrication des produits biologiques. Parmi elles, on peut citer Minima[liste] avec un univers authentique et de qualité ainsi qu’un véritable souhait d’offrir le meilleur et le plus épuré possible à ses clientes et clients.

Comment reconnaître les cosmétiques bios fabriqués en France ?

La meilleure façon de reconnaître les cosmétiques bios fabriqués en France est d’examiner leurs étiquettes. Si un produit est certifié bio par un organisme français indépendant tel que Ecocert ou Nature & Progrès, alors il s’agit bien d’un produit bio fabriqué en France.

Que peut-on trouver en ligne?

Sur le net, vous trouvez une large gamme de produits bio tels que des crèmes hydratantes, des soins du visage, des shampoings, des huiles végétales, des huiles essentielles et bien d’autres. Les références ne manquent pas, Il existe également d’autres produits comme les compléments alimentaires.

Les cosmétiques bio fabriqués en France sont une excellente alternative pour prendre soin de votre peau et de vos cheveux tout en respectant la planète et votre santé. De plus en plus de marques répondent aux attentes en termes de qualité, d’éthique et de transparence. Finalement, en vue de trouver les meilleurs produits  de soins bio et français, il suffit de regarder les formulations, les retours et d’écouter sa peau. Un soin peut être un must have pour vous et ne pas le devenir pour une amie ou une proche. Chaque peau est différente, chaque individu est unique.

Spesso sentiamo parlare di parabeni quando acquistiamo prodotti per il corpo, per l’igiene personale e anche farmaci e alimenti. Ma cosa sono i parabeni?

Sono composti chimici, antisettici e servono a preservare i cosmetici dalle contaminazioni di funghi e batteri. Essi, infatti, sono utilizzati anche in alcuni prodotti alimentari, oltre che in creme e tinture.Ma molti di loro sono inseriti sulla “lista nera” delle sostanze pericolose: vengono infatti considerate delle sostanze conservanti potenzialmente cancerogene.

A cosa servono

Presenti in quasi tutti i prodotti beauty, dalle creme ai cosmetici, dagli shampoo ai deodoranti, la funzione dei parabeni è sostanzialmente quella di impedire la formazione di funghi, batteri e microrganismi e quindi quella di mantenerne la composizione del prodotto in questione inalterata nel tempo.

Rischi per la salute

La comunità scientifica si è occupata a lungo dei parabeni. Studi recenti, infatti, hanno evidenziato come queste sostanze non vengano smaltite dall’organismo, ma si accumulino nel corpo. Secondo l’elenco Inci (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) i parabeni maggiormente dannosi per la salute sono i seguenti: Methylparaben; Ethylparaben; Propylparaben; Isobutylparaben; Butylparaben; Benzylparaben; Isobutylparaben; Isopropylparaben. Alcuni studi hanno messo in evidenza la relazione tra alcuni di questi conservanti e lo sviluppo del tumore al seno, oltre a ipotizzare la possibilità che i parabeni siano responsabili anche dell’aumento dell’infertilità e della disfunzione erettile. Il motivo? Si tratta di sostanze che interferiscono con il sistema ormonale, in particolare con l’attività degli estrogeni. Non solo, anche alcune forme di dermatite da contatto, nei soggetti sensibili, sono imputabili a questi interferenti endocrini. La Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e il Comitato scientifico per la sicurezza dei consumatori dell’Unione europea (CSSC) hanno affermato tuttavia che le prove che attestano che i parabeni non siano sicuri non ci sono.

Cosmetici “paraben free”

Per riconoscere e acquistare un prodotto senza parabeni basta leggere l’etichetta. In teoria, tutti quelli che – come prescritto dalle direttive europee –  contengono l’indicazione paraben free, non dovrebbero contenere queste sostanze. Dunque, prima di acquistare creme, cosmetici, deodoranti, shampoo, balsamo, tinture per capelli e altri prodotti che potenzialmente possono contenere queste sostanze, occorre fare molta attenzione agli ingredienti che devono essere obbligatoriamente indicati per legge.

A few years ago, micellar water seemed to become the most popular product for removing makeup and not only – but also one of the steps in cleansing facial skin. However, several times different dermatologists tell me not to use micellar water. They explained briefly that it is not suitable for my skin, which is quite oily, that it will only confuse my pH and spread microbes on the skin, especially when I have a pimple. For years I used micellar water daily, sometimes twice a day. Following the advice of dermatologists, I did my research. Several other articles convinced me that the option of washing my face with water and detergent is better for me. I also liked the idea of ​​not using cotton swabs, but cleaning my face only with water and cosmetics.

Then I chose Lancome Miel-En-Mousse cleansing mousse to wash my face . I was curious to try it because it is a highly praised product, although it is for all skin types and not specifically for combination to oily skin like mine. On the other hand, it contains salicylic acid – a super ingredient for more problematic skin. The mousse is very gentle and pleasant, the texture is relatively thick but sparkling and the product is very economical. It smells great of honey and vanilla, washes my face beautifully and leaves it soft and hydrated without feeling greasy film. It deserves all the superlatives!It also contains acacia honey, almond oil, rose extract. Since I use a fairly heavy foundation (Double wear by Estee Lauder), and after washing my face I no longer clean the skin with a cotton swab and micellar water or tonic, I started using a sponge for washing . I like natural sea mushrooms the most, but those in the form of a simple sponge or brush are also great. My most important condition is that it is very gentle, because I am not looking for an exfoliating effect on the skin, but just a better and more thorough cleansing.

With the removal of mascara, highly pigmented lipstick and eyeliner, it was difficult for me to wash with it, and it is not intended for these areas, so I chose another very interesting product from Notino – oil for removing makeup for face and eyes L’OccitaneImmortelle . Do not use cotton swabs when using it, but rub directly on dry skin, then add a little water, massage and finally wash. In addition to dissolving makeup very well and cleaning it, the oil itself is easily washed off with water and does not stay greasy, as expected from an oil. However, it is not suitable for the whole face if you have combination to oily skin. At the same time it is not aggressive to the fine skin around the eyes, eyelids and lips, on the contrary – it leaves a very pleasant feeling of softness and hydration and sometimes after that I forget to use eye cream. The main ingredient in the oil is the immortelle herb, which has a strong anti-aging effect.

I wanted to tell you about these products because they are very nice, but also to introduce you to my way of cleansing makeup and facial skin in exactly two steps. It is very easy, much more economical, environmentally friendly and my skin is perfectly clean and in very good shape. Of course, she is taken care of by other products after that, which are also the cause of her condition and I will tell you about them soon.

Notre guide complet des idées de tenues pour une première date en hiver, du sexy au plus discret pour charmer un homme tout en restant sois -même.

Règles d’or lorsqu’on se prépare pour une première date :

 

1. ne pas trop en faire. Évitez les chaussures à trop haut talon si vous n’en mettez jamais, les jupes trop courtes, les hauts trop plongeant , trop de maquillage et tout ce que vous ne fera pas être à l’aise.

2. restez naturelle

3. mettez en valeur vos formes

4. optez pour des chaussures à petit ou moyen talon afin de rehausser légèrement votre silhouette

5. adaptez votre look au lieu et à l’heure de rendez-vous.

Si votre date vous propose de vous rencontrer à l’heure du déjeuner ou en journée, misez sur un look décontracté. Si au contraire, le rencard est prévu pour la soirée, préférez une tenue plus travaillée.

1. S’habiller pour une première date en hiver : sexy en corset

Niveau de séduction : 5 sur 5

Pour qui ? Pour celles qui sont à l’aise avec leur corps

Le corset en dentelle, tout en complétant une tenue assez décontractée comme un jean taille haute et une veste blazer est sexy et féminin et saura valoriser une petite pointure.

Corset. + jeans taille haute

2. S’habiller pour une première date : Petit haut original

Niveau de séduction 4 sur 5

Pour qui ? :pour celles qui aiment les pièces originales, décalées Une façon de montrer sans trop montrer, qui dévoile une partie de l’épaule en appelant à l’imagination.

un haut original, dos ou épaules dénudées

3. S’habiller pour une première date en hiver: le crop top pour laisser entrevoir

Niveau de séduction 3 sur 5

Pour qui ? :pour celles avec des abdos parfaits

Pour paraître sage.

Pour les plus aguerries voici un exercice de style qui vous mettra au défi. Le crop top est parfait pour dévoiler une partie de votre peau sans trop en montrer. Et pourtant, il est facile de se planter quand il est associé aux mauvais vêtements et accessoires.

Comment le porter ?

Un jean taille haute ou un pantalon tailleur, une veste blazer pour la soirée, des colliers et des bagues dorées, des bottines à talon épais ou bien une paire des escarpins à talon fin.

Ici, nos icônes bien aimées de la mode française, Sabina Socol et Jeanne Damas , nous servent d’inspiration.

4. S’habiller pour un premièr rendez-vous en hiver : la fendue qui attire
Niveau de séduction: 2 sur 5

Pour qui ? :pour celles qui sont moins aventurières dans la séduction

Gage de sensualité par excellence, la jupe ou la robe fendue est sur tous les fronts. Et pour réussir un premier rendez-vous amoureux, elle s’avère être l’alliée toute trouvée. Cette dernière laissera entrevoir une partie de votre jambe.

5. S’habiller pour un premier rendez-vous en hiver : un longue manteau

Niveau de séduction 1 sur 5

Pour qui ? pour celles qui veulent être sage tout en restant féminine

Comme Juny Breeze et Mara Lafontan, deux mannequins françaises et populaires sur les réseaux sociaux, adopter une tenue féminine lors d’une date en hiver devient un jeu d’enfant tout en enfilant un long manteau.

 

Pour mettre toutes les chances de votre côté, nul besoin de miser sur décolleté plongeant, au risque d’envoyer les mauvais signaux à votre date.

1. Elevate Dresses with Subtle Sheen

Pair seamless tights with dresses to add sophistication. For a work-ready look, style sheer tights in a skin-tone shade with a tailored shift dress and low heels. The tights’ seamless design ensures a smooth finish under form-fitting dresses. For a weekend vibe, try opaque tights with a short sweater dress and combat boots for a cozy, trendy outfit.

2. Mix with Skirts for Seasonal Flair

Tights enhance skirts for year-round styling. In cooler months, wear opaque seamless tights with a denim mini skirt, a turtleneck, and knee-high boots for a chic, warm look. In warmer weather, opt for ultra-sheer tights with a flowy maxi skirt and a fitted top, adding sandals to keep it breezy yet polished.

3. Experiment with Culottes for Bold Style

Seamless tights work surprisingly well with culottes, creating a modern silhouette. Choose sheer tights to let the culottes take center stage, pairing them with a tucked-in blouse and loafers for a smart-casual look. For a daring twist, style opaque tights with leather culottes and a graphic tee for an urban edge.

4. Go All-Black for Timeless Elegance

Create a sleek, all-black outfit by pairing black seamless tights with a black jumpsuit or dress. The seamless construction prevents visible lines, ensuring a flawless look. Add silver jewelry or a colorful scarf to break the monochrome and add personality without overpowering the simplicity.

5. Style with Tunics for Easy Comfort

For a relaxed yet stylish outfit, wear seamless tights with a long tunic or oversized shirt. Sheer tights paired with a linen tunic and ballet flats create a light, summery look. In colder weather, opt for opaque tights with a cable-knit tunic and ankle boots for warmth and charm.

6. Choose Lightweight, Breathable Tights

For everyday wear, prioritize tights with breathable fabrics to stay comfortable. Look for seamless base layers that wick moisture and prevent chafing, ideal for active days. These tights are thin enough to layer under jeans or trousers for extra warmth without bulk.

7. Coordinate Colors for Visual Harmony

Select tights in shades that complement your outfit or skin tone. Neutral, true-skin shades create a natural, leg-lengthening effect, perfect for professional settings. For fun, try opaque tights in deep tones like forest green or plum to add a pop of color to neutral outfits.

8. Enhance with Strategic Footwear

Footwear can make or break a tights-based outfit. Pair sheer tights with pointed-toe pumps for a dressy, elongated look, or style opaque tights with chunky sneakers for a sporty, youthful vibe. Avoid shoes that cut off at the ankle with sheer tights, as they can disrupt the seamless flow.

9. Maintain Tights for Long-Term Use

Keep your tights in top condition by washing them in a micro-fiber washbag to prevent tears and maintain stretch. Use a gentle cycle and air-dry to preserve their shape and softness, ensuring they’re ready for frequent styling.

10. Shop Quality with Confidence

Invest in seamless tights made from durable, stretchy covered yarns for longevity. Browse brands with detailed sizing guides and customer reviews to ensure a good fit. Look for free shipping on orders over $40 and flexible return policies to try styles risk-free.

Quick Styling Tips

• Play with Patterns: Pair solid tights with patterned dresses for balance, or try subtle textured tights for understated flair.

• Layer for Warmth: Wear tights under cropped pants for a cozy, layered look in winter.

• Find Your Fit: Use online size quizzes from direct-to-consumer brands to nail the perfect size and shade.

Seamless tights offer endless ways to refresh your everyday style. Discover the ultimate in comfort and inclusivity with Noosh’s seamless tights, designed to flatter every body and shade—shop now at getnoosh.com to find your perfect pair!

InterGlobe Aviation Ltd., doing business as IndiGo, is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a 53.5% domestic market share as of October 2021.It is also the largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and the fourth largest carrier in Asia with over 64 million (6.4 crore) passengers carried in financial year 2018–19. The airline operated 1,500 daily flights as of 2019 to 96 destinations – 71 domestic and 25 international. It has its primary hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi.
IndiGo is India’s largest passenger airline with a market share of 56.9% as of June, 2022. We primarily operate in India’s domestic air travel market as a low-cost carrier with focus on our three pillars – offering low fares, being on-time and delivering a courteous and hassle-free experience. IndiGo has become synonymous with being on-time.

Since our inception in August 2006, we have grown from a carrier with one plane to a fleet of 279 aircraft today. A uniform fleet for each type of operation, high operational reliability and an award winning service make us one of the most reliable airlines in the world.

IndiGo has a total destination count of 97 with 74 domestic destinations and 25 International. This includes Pantnagar (PGH) and Kadapa (CDP) which are now open for sale.

IndiGo is not only the most efficient low fare operator domestically but is also comparable with global low cost airlines. We are constantly enhancing our engagement with our passengers to augment their travel experience. From multichannel direct sales (including online flight booking, call centers and airport counters), to online flight status checking, an exclusive IndiGo app for Android, we have transformed air travel in India. Today, we are India’s most preferred airline. At IndiGo, low fares come with high quality.

Being courteous and hassle-free starts with being a hassle-free place to work. A highly engaged and motivated workforce leads to higher levels of customer service. Our state-of-the-art ‘ifly’ facility is designed to deliver a real-time training experience to all our new recruits. This training facility is considered to be one the best aviation training facilities in India. With our people-friendly culture at the heart of all we do, we continuously help the company staff find work-life balance. Having won ‘Companies with Great Managers’ award three years in a row and being ‘Great place to work – Certified’ in 2021, is testimonial to the culture we have, making us one of the best launchpads for future leaders.

The History of IndiGo Airlines

IndiGo was founded in 2006 as a private company by Rahul Bhatia of InterGlobe Enterprises and Rakesh Gangwal. InterGlobe had a 51.12% stake in IndiGo and 47.88% was held by Gangwal’s Virginia-based company Caelum Investments. IndiGo placed a firm order for 100 Airbus A320-200 aircraft in June 2005 with plans to begin operations in mid-2006. IndiGo took delivery of its first aircraft on 28 July 2006, nearly a year after placing the order. It commenced operations on 4 August 2006 with a service from New Delhi to Imphal via Guwahati. By the end of 2006, the airline had six aircraft, and nine more were acquired in 2007. In December 2010, IndiGo replaced state-run carrier Air India as the third largest airline in India, behind Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways with a passenger market share of 17.3%.

In 2011, IndiGo placed an order for 180 Airbus A320 aircraft in a deal worth US$15 billion. In January 2011, after completing five years of operations, the airline got permission to launch international flights. In December 2011, the DGCA expressed reservations that the rapid expansion could impact passenger safety.

In February 2012, IndiGo took delivery of its 50th aircraft, less than six years after it began operations. For the quarter ending March 2012, IndiGo was the most profitable airline in India and became the second largest airline in India in terms of passenger market share. On 17 August 2012, IndiGo became the largest airline in India in terms of market share surpassing Jet Airways, six years after commencing operations.

In January 2013, IndiGo was the second-fastest-growing low-cost carrier in Asia behind Indonesian airline Lion Air. In February 2013, following the announcement of the Civil Aviation Ministry that it would allow IndiGo to take delivery of only five aircraft that year, the airline planned to introduce low-cost regional flights by setting up a subsidiary. Later, IndiGo announced that it planned to seek permission from the ministry to acquire four more aircraft, therefore taking delivery of nine aircraft in 2013. As of March 2014, IndiGo is the second-largest low-cost carrier in Asia in terms of seats flown.

In August 2015, IndiGo placed an order for 250 Airbus A320neo aircraft worth $27 billion, making it the largest single order ever in Airbus history. IndiGo announced a ₹3,018 crore (US$380 million) initial public offering on 19 October 2015 which opened on 27 October 2015.

In October 2019, IndiGo placed another order for 300 Airbus A320neo aircraft worth ₹2.3 lakh crore (US$33 billion), surpassing its own record of the largest single order ever in Airbus history.

In December 2019, the airline became the first Indian airline to operate 1,500 daily flights. On 31 December 2019, it became India’s first airline to have a fleet size of more than 250 aircraft.

2017

In 2017, IndiGo turned into the primary Indian transporter to work 1000 flights per day and, with the conveyance of the 31st Airbus A320neo airplane, an armada of 150 airplanes.

IndiGo additionally took conveyance of its first ATR 72 600 airplanes in December.

2018

In 2018, IndiGo kept on extending its worldwide course organization to 15 objections, adding everyday direct trips to Hong Kong, Doha, Phuket, and Istanbul.

IndiGo won the ‘Best Low-Cost Airline in Central Asia & India’ award for nine consecutive years till 2018.

IndiGo abides by three values: punctuality, pocket-friendly airfare, and quality experience.

COVID Impact on Airline Industry

The global pandemic has hit the airline industry across the world at an alarming rate. IndiGo has suffered a severe impact due to the lockdown scenario.
India has suspended domestic and global flight activities somewhat recently in March to control the Covid spread in the country.

The domestic flight administrations continued on May 2020 in a restricted way. Aviation workers still are permitted to work with only a 45% capacity as of May 2021.

The income from activities plunged 91.9% year-on-year to ₹766.7 crores during the June period. Between April and December 2020, IndiGo announced overall deficits of Rs 4,659 crore, while incomes shrank 67.5 percent year-on-year.

IndiGo Airlines Swift Recovery

Despite all these complications, the fact that IndiGo has made a swift recovery is noteworthy. It has brought the aviation industry to 80% of its pre-pandemic stage. IndiGo took 44 planes from Airbus SE in 2020 – the vast majority of any client and fixing Delta Air Lines Inc and China Southern Airlines Co Ltd – as it supplanted more seasoned planes with more eco-friendly fresher models. It is additionally outfitting to grow its armada further from 2023.

With a 52% domestic share of the market in 2020 versus 47% in 2019 and benefit insight following a loss last financial year that is in 2019, IndiGo is extending its range to more modest Indian urban communities like Ranchi, Patna, and Gorakhpur.

By the end of 2021, IndiGo is confident and optimistic that it will get back to normal and continue delivering top-notch service to its flyers. As of June 2021, IndiGo is the 7th largest airline in the world.

The current scenario of IndiGo Airlines

Adhering to their original idea of being a pocket-friendly airline (LLC: Low-cost carrier) IndiGo offers just Economy Class seating and doesn’t give on any of its trips in-flight entertainment or free dinners (however it has a purchase on-board in-flight supper program).

Premium administrations, with extra advantages like pre-relegated seats and meals ready, are offered at a higher rate.

The Future of IndiGo Airlines

Ronojoy Dutta, CEO of IndiGo claims that IndiGo is out of crisis and says that he is optimistic about the future. Despite the multitude of issues the business is confronting, IndiGo’s year-over-year yields have gone up 8% and that is generally because individuals have more prominent trust in the IndiGo item and it appears in two regions and specifically in contract flights.

IndiGo is excelling on contract flights and simultaneously, its gathering work area is occupied. IndiGo’s main goal is to create extraordinary availability for India from little urban communities to enormous urban communities to nations around us.

Development is vital for IndiGo.

Accordingly, the main concern technique is to continue reducing airfare and continue developing quickly hence associating the whole country. Since IndiGo’s growth had been curbed for nearly 2 years due to the global pandemic, Ronjoy Dutta, the CEO claims that growth and expansion of the industry are very crucial at this point.

IndiGo has a four-corner strategy. From Delhi, we can go to a ton of places within six hours. From Mumbai, many spots in Africa; from Chennai bunch of spots in the southeast and Kolkata loads of spots in north Asia. IndiGo will cover every one of them.

The industry plans on reaching small towns, small cities, and other remote locations like Ladakh where flight connectivity is almost non-existent, and other international destinations where India has never flown to (yet).

Conclusion

Although for the next 2 years IndiGo expects a slight decline in growth due to the pandemic situation, the airline industry currently focuses on increasing productivity and providing a quality, top-notch experience to its flyers.

Indigo Flight Offers

The online world today is expanding at a faster pace than ever, making life easy for most! This is especially true in terms of travel arrangements and airline tickets. For instance, if you are in the habit of booking your airline tickets online, then today, you have a great chance of winning some of the best flight deals online. To start with, check out the attractive IndiGo best offers on flight tickets that have been made available online. Sometimes, the discounts are on flights to particular destinations, and at other times there are discounts on every flight you select. So have patience and keep browsing to get the best deal.

Save More With International Flight Offers & Coupons

Whether it’s for professional or for personal reasons, if you have to travel nationally on and off, then you can make the most of the cheap domestic flight tickets that IndiGo offers. You can book these flights at an affordable price from none other than GrabOn! The cheap price doesn’t indicate any drop in the service quality from the airline services. The cheapest airline ticket booking offers welcome travelers and tourists to search for the best deals for their choicest destinations or make the most of the ones mentioned in the deal.

Book flights with Indigo airlines and get super comfortable seats with refreshing meals. Indigo airlines, however, does not connect with every route in the country and abroad. We know that you travel a lot and you need more options. So, Goibibo can help you there. Just select your travel origin and destination. You can see a list of flights from different airlines with their schedules so you can book one at your convenience using offers from Goibibo. Or you can also log on to MakeMyTrip and book flights. You’d be pleased to know that you can get many discounts on these travel booking platforms with GrabOn.

About Indigo – India’s favourite airlines

What’s the first thing that comes to your mind when you plan to travel? Indigo! Isn’t it? Being the ruler of the market, it is best known for its exemplary services and hospitality. Established in the year 2005, the company has grown by leaps and bounds over the years, becoming the ‘baap’ of all the airlines in the country. Not just this, Indigo also holds about 54.3% market share in the country’s airline industry. So, apart from being the most significant airline brand today, it is also the most reliable and trusted one!

Why Indigo?

The online world today is expanding at a faster pace than ever, making life easy for most! It has reached such a height where you can book your flight ticket with the help of your smartphone. And, coming to flight ticket bookings, none can beat Indigo! All thanks to the extensive connectivity it offers across the country. You can book a flight from anywhere to anywhere with just a single click. The reason why Indigo became famous is because of its world-class services at a reasonable price.

Grab Indigo Flight Coupons and Discounts from GrabOn

Are you a regular IndiGo client and want to experience IndiGo cheap air tickets to any national tourist destination? If yes, then check out GrabOn! Here you will have a list of the best flight deals and vouchers by IndiGo. Browse through the numerous coupons and deals and select the best suitable for you. Don’t forget to activate it within the estimated time.

Bank Offers For Indigo Flight Bookings

Did you know that you can earn cashback on flight ticket bookings? IndiGo is no different. They offer exciting cashback and various other offers in collaboration with banks on bookings of flight tickets. You can save loads through the bank offers, be it the ICICI bank or others. The other banks through which you can earn good cashback and grab discounts are Axis, HDFC, Kotak, State Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Allahabad Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, City Union, Yes Bank, and so on. With the ICICI bank promo codes listed on this page, you can get discounts on domestic and international flight bookings.